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ULSTER Kdited by GEORGE FLETCHER, F. G. S, M. R I. With IMaps, Diagrams and Illustrations C AMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1921 EDITORS NOTE THE aim of this series is to offer, in a readable form, an account of the physical features of Ireland, andMoreULSTER Kdited by GEORGE FLETCHER, F. G. S, M. R I. With IMaps, Diagrams and Illustrations C AMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1921 EDITORS NOTE THE aim of this series is to offer, in a readable form, an account of the physical features of Ireland, and of the economic and social activities of its people It deals therefore with matters of fact rather than with matters of opinion, and, for this reason, it has happily been found possible to avoid political controversy Ireland deserves to be known for her varied scenery, her wealth of archaeological and antiquarian lore, her noble educa tional traditions, and her literary and artistic achieve ments. The progress and status of Ireland as an agricultural country are recognised and acknowledged, but her industrial potentialities have, until recently, been inadequately studied The causes of the arrested development of her industries have been frequently dealt with Her industrial resources, however, demand closer attention than they have hitherto received their economic significance has been enhanced by modern applications of scientific discovery and by world-wide economic changes It is hoped that these pages may contribute to the growing movement in tho direction of industrial reconstruction It is unusual to enlist the services of many writers in a work of modest dimensions, but it was felt that the more condensed an account, the more necessary was it to secure authoritative treatment It is hoped that the names of the contributors will afford a sufficient guarantee that the desired end has been achieved The editorial task of co-ordinating the work of these contributors has been made light and agreeable by their friendly co-operation The scope ofthe volumes and the mode of treatment adopted in them suggest their suitability for use in the higher forms of secondary schools A notable reform is in course of accomplishment in the teaching of geog raphy The list of place-names is making room for the more rational study of a country in relation to those vho dwell in it, and of these dwellers in relation to their environment. G F DUBLIN, November i t t 1921 CONTENTS PAGE ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY By R A STEWART MACALISTER, Litt D, F S A, Professor of Celtic Archaeology, University College, Dublin ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY i Population 4 TOPOGRAPHY By R LLOYD PRAEGER, B A, BE, M R I A, Librarian, National Library of Ireland TOPOGRAPHY 5 Mountains . 8 Rivers and Lakes 15 Traffic Routes 19 Round the Coast 25 Counties and Towns 32 Co Donegal 34 Co Londonderry 34 Co Tyrone 3 Co Antrim 7 Co Down 39 Co Armagh 40 Co Monaghan 42 Co Cavan 42 Co Fermanagh 44 GEOLOGY By ISAAC SWAIN, BA, ARCSc, MRIA, Professor of Geology and Geography, University College, Cork 46 TABLE OF FORMATIONS FOUND WITHIN THE PROVINCE 46 THE GLACIAL PERIOD 60 vui ULSTER PAGE SOILS . .... 66 MIXES, MINERALS, AND QUARRIES . . 68 BOTANY By R LLOYD PRAEGER, BA, BE, MRIA BOTANY 76 The Mourne Mountains 77 The Silurian Area 78 Lough Neagh 79 The Basaltic Plateau So Benevenagh and Magilhgan 81 Lough Erne 82 Donegal 83 The Maritime Flora 84 ZOOLOGY By R LLOYD PRAEGER, BA, BE, MRIA 89 ANTIQUITIES By E C R ARMSTRONG, F S A, M R I A, Keeper of Irish Antiquities, National Museum, Dublin . . 101 High-Crosses . 122 ARCHITECTURE By E C M R I A R ARMSTRONG, FSA, Monastic Foundations 122 Cathedrals 132 Castles 34 ADMINISTRATION By G FLETCHER, F G S, M R I A, Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland . 1 39 Education . 143 INDUSTRIES AND MANUFACTURES ByG FLETCHER, FGS, MRIA Shipbuilding x c j Linen Manufacture g gnculture . C4 Fisheries I66 DISTI M N R GU I I A SHED ULSTERMEN ByR I BEST, D Litt I68 INDEX ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Glenanff, Co Antrim . n The River Bann at Coleraine . . 16 Newcastle and Sheve Donard . 26 Pleaskins, Giants Causeway . 28 The Coast Road near Glenarm . 29 Sheve League, from Malinbeg . 31 Sheve League, from above Roxborough . . 33 Londonderry ... 35 City Hall, Belfast . . 38 Protestant Cathedral, Armagh . ... Ulster by George Fletcher
